To investigate the effects of Tafa2 on microglial functional phenotypes, neuronal injury, and functional recovery following acute cerebral ischemia. Methods: Transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) models were established in adult male wild-type mice. The spatiotemporal expression pattern of Tafa2 protein after cerebral ischemia was determined using immunofluorescence techniques. tMCAO models were established in adult male wild-type and Tafa2-knockout mice. The effects of Tafa2 deletion on microglial polarization, neuronal apoptosis, and neurological function during the acute phase of cerebral ischemia were assessed using immunofluorescence, Nissl staining, TUNEL staining, and behavioral tests. Results: In wild-type mice, Tafa2 protein expression was significantly increased in the ischemic hemisphere on day 3 after tMCAO compared to that in the sham group. On day 3 after tMCAO, Tafa2-knockout mice exhibited reduced infarct volume, decreased neuronal apoptosis, and alleviated sensorimotor deficits compared to wild-type mice. 3 days after tMCAO, Tafa2-knockout mice showed an increased proportion of CD206 + microglia and enhanced phagocytic function compared to wild-type mice. Conclusion: Tafa2 deficiency promotes the polarization of microglia toward an anti-inflammatory and pro-repair phenotype, reduces neuronal damage and improves neurological function during the acute phase of ischemic stroke.

To construct a structural equation model and analyze the impact pathways of exercise habits on mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson disease (PD-MCI). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted, involving 151 PD patients who visited the Parkinson's Disease Clinic at the Chinese PLA General Hospital in Beijing from October 2021 to June 2023. Patients were surveyed using a general information questionnaire, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Part III of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS- Ⅲ), the Parkinson's Disease Sleep Scale-2 (PDSS-2), and the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD). Mplus 8.3 software was used for association pathway analysis. Results: Both direct and indirect association pathways between exercise habits and the diagnostic risk of PD-MCI were significant (P<0.05). These pathways included: exercise habits→PD-MCI(－0.153[－0.305, －0.006]), exercise habits→motor symptoms→PD-MCI(－ 0.070[－ 0.129, － 0.029]), exercise habits→motor symptoms→depressive symptoms→ PD-MCI(－0.025[－0.051, －0.011]), exercise habits→motor symptoms→sleep quality → PD-MCI(－0.011 [－0.028, －0.003]), and exercise habits→depressive symptoms→PD-MCI(－0.030[－0.067, －0.005]). Conclusion: Exercise habits can directly predict the diagnostic risk of PD-MCI. They can also indirectly predict the diagnostic risk of PD-MCI through the mediating effects of motor symptoms and depressive symptoms, as well as through the chained mediating effects of motor symptoms combined with depressive symptoms or sleep quality.

To conduct a visual analysis of relevant literature on the application of artificial intelligence in Parkinson's disease research through bibliometric analysis. Methods: The Web Of Science core database was used as the data source for this paper. CiteSpace 6.3.R1 and VOSviewer1.6.20 software were used to conduct bibliometric analyses on the annual number of publications, country/region, institution, keywords, authors and cited literature. Results: Ultimately, 2 043 articles meeting the criteria were included, and the number of publications in this field has been growing rapidly. Articles in this research area have been published by a total of 87 countries/regions. Among them, the United States, China, and Italy are high-yield countries, with Harvard Medical School being the leading institution. The top three authors in terms of publication volume are Gabriella Olmo, Alice Nieuwboer, and Lynn Rochester. High-frequency keywords in this field mainly include Parkinson's disease, deep brain stimulation, and gait, etc.; the latest emerging term is rehabilitation. The application of AI in the field of Parkinson's disease (PD) is mainly distributed in neuroscience, electrical engineering, clinical neurology, and other fields. Among the journals where papers are published, SENSORS ranks first in both publication volume and H-index, while MOVEMENT DISORDERS has the highest impact factor (IF). The most frequently co-cited literature primarily focuses on the integration of electroencephalogram (EEG) signals with AI technology for the early diagnosis of PD. Conclusion: In recent years, AI has been developing rapidly in the medical field, and its application to PD has been increasing year by year, mainly focusing on the prediction of risk factors, diagnosis and treatment of PD.

To report a case of bilateral cervical spinal cord infarction caused by vertebral artery dissection complicated with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). Methods: Clinical data were collected from a patient with spinal cord infarction who was admitted to the neurology department of our hospital in January 2021. Blood biochemical tests, cervical spinal cord MRI, vascular imaging, bone marrow biopsy, and other examinations were performed, and a retrospective analysis was conducted in conjunction with relevant literature. Results: A 68-year-old male patient was admitted with the chief complaint of "right limb weakness." The patient experienced sudden radiating neck pain after making a sharp turn on a motorcycle, followed by gradual onset of right limb paralysis, left limb numbness and weakness, and urinary retention. Neurological examination findings were consistent with spinal cord anterior artery syndrome. Upon admission, the patient had an abnormally elevated D-dimer level, accompanied by intermuscular venous thrombosis in the left lower limb and pulmonary embolism in the right lower lobe of the lung, indicating a hypercoagulable state. Plain MRI and diffusion-weighted imaging of the spinal cord confirmed asymmetric infarction at the C2～C4 levels. Cerebral angiography revealed occlusion of the right vertebral artery at the level of the C3 vertebral body, with multiple stenoses proximal to the occlusion. High-resolution MRI revealed an intramural hematoma in the V2～V4 segments of the right vertebral artery, consistent with vertebral artery dissection. Immunofixation electrophoresis revealed a κ-type IgG monoclonal immunoglobulin band, and bone marrow biopsy showed an increased proportion of monoclonal plasma cells (3.8%), consistent with the diagnosis of MGUS. The patient was treated with rivaroxaban for anticoagulation and rehabilitation therapy, and the hematology department recommended regular follow-up. A literature search identified 60 cases of spinal cord infarction caused by vertebral artery dissection. Analysis of the clinical characteristics of 34 patients with isolated spinal cord infarction revealed that 70.6% were male, 38.2% had triggers such as massage or neck rotation, 94.1% presented with neck pain and limb weakness at onset, 82.4% had unilateral vertebral artery dissection (with unilateral spinal cord infarction accounting for 46.4% and bilateral spinal cord infarction accounting for 42.9% ), and 94.1% received anticoagulation or dual antiplatelet therapy. A literature search identified 61 cases of spinal cord infarction associated with malignancies, of which 33 were hematologic malignancies. Four cases were clearly considered to be caused by a hypercoagulable state associated with the malignancy. One patient with cervical spinal cord infarction considered to be caused by vertebral artery dissection also had M proteinemia and was considered to have concurrent MGUS. Conclusion: When isolated spinal cord infarction presents as an atypical clinical manifestation of vertebral artery dissection, it is necessary to systematically screen for other rare causes of spinal cord infarction. Attention should be paid to the hypercoagulable state caused by malignant proliferative diseases, especially hematologic disorders.

MicroRNAs are tiny RNAs widely expressed in eukaryotic organisms, exhibiting differential expression in numerous diseases. MicroRNA-122 (miR-122) is a signaling molecule closely associated with neurological diseases and has been extensively studied in cerebrovascular diseases. This article provides a review of the role and mechanisms of miR-122 in cerebrovascular diseases, aiming to offer new research targets for cerebrovascular diseases and a theoretical basis for the development of related drugs.

Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is closely related to the imbalance of mitochondrial homeostasis, and studies have shown that mitochondria in CFS patients or model animals have abnormalities in morphology and structure, metabolism and quality control, which are closely related to the occurrence and/or development of CFS. In this paper, we take mitochondrial homeostasis as an entry point to systematically sort out its influence and role in the pathogenesis of CFS, with a view to providing more ideas and strategies for the study of potential mechanisms and treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by memory impairment, cognitive decline, and personality changes, accounting for 60% to 80% of senile dementia cases. The global number of AD patients has exceeded 50 million and is projected to surpass 152 million by 2050, imposing a heavy burden on patients' families and society. The pathogenesis of AD remains incompletely understood, and while existing medications can alleviate some symptoms, they fail to halt disease progression. This article reviews experimental research advancements in TCM formulas for AD treatment.

Spasticity is a movement disorder caused by the high excitability of the stretch reflex, which is characterized by the speed-dependent enhancement of the tonic stretch reflex with tendon hyperreflexia. It is a common complication in patients with upper motor neuron injury. Surgical treatment is an effective treatment for patients with severe spasticity who fail to respond to drug and physical therapy. In order to ensure the smooth operation and good effect, the patient should be professionally evaluated before operation. This article summarizes the application and prospect of peripheral nerve surgery and emerging neuromodulation techniques in the field of spasm treatment. These techniques aim to improve the spasticity of patients and promote brain plasticity by reducing muscle tension and re-establishing the connection between the injured site and the brain, which is of great significance to improve the quality of life of patients.