Post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) is a common complication of stroke, which seriously affects the daily life, work and social interaction of stroke patients. Theta burst stimulation (TBS) is a special repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) mode. Compared with traditional rTMS, TBS has the advantages of short application time, better tolerance and lasting therapeutic effect, and can induce persistent excitatory changes in the cerebral cortex. More and more studies have been conducted in the treatment of PSCI, and its efficacy has been confirmed in clinical studies. This study focuses on summarizing the research progress of TBS in the four cognitive rehabilitation fields of attention, language, executive, and memory after stroke, and combing and integrating the mechanism of action of TBS in the treatment of PSCI, so as to provide reference for the further development of TBS treatment of PSCI.