To improve clinicians' diagnostic and therapeutic skills for neurobrucellosis (NB) and enhance patient outcomes. Methods: Clinical data of 4 patients with NB diagnosed at Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, from January 2024 to September 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. Results: All 4 patients had a clear epidemiological history. Clinical manifestations included meningitis, myelitis, and other neurological symptoms. Lumbar puncture was performed in all cases. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis revealed elevated pressure in 3 patients, increased white blood cell counts in all 4, elevated protein levels in all 4, and reduced glucose levels in 3. Serum Brucella agglutination tests were positive in all patients, and CSF Brucella agglutination tests were positive in 3. All patients received triple or quadruple anti-Brucella therapy based on rifampicin and doxycycline. Conclusion: Neurobrucellosis presents with complex and diverse clinical features. Early detection and diagnosis are critical for improving prognosis, while delayed diagnosis leads to poor outcomes and potential long-term sequelae.