Schizophrenia is a common and severe mental disorder with unknown mechanisms. In recent years, a large number of studies on the correlation between autophagy and schizophrenia have suggested that autophagy may be part of the pathophysiological process of schizophrenia. Moreover, treatments such as medication, physics, and psychotherapy may alleviate psychotic symptoms by regulating autophagy, making autophagy regulation a new direction for the treatment of schizophrenia. This paper reviews the relationship between autophagy and the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, as well as advancements in autophagy-related treatments, providing new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment exploration of schizophrenia.