Acute unilateral peripheral vestibular dysfunction (AUPVD) has a high incidence among dizziness disorders, and can cause symptoms such as spontaneous nystagmus and postural imbalance, severely affecting the life quality of patients. Researches have shown that the vestibular compensation mechanism based on the neural circuits established between the vestibular nuclear complex and the cerebellum, cerebral cortex, and other brainstem nuclei provides a theoretical basis for vestibular rehabilitation therapy. Further exploration of the role and related technologies of different neural circuits in vestibular compensation is of great significance. Based on this, this article reviews the recent advances in the vestibular compensation-related circuits and technologies of AUPVD, in order to provide ideas for the research on vestibular compensation mechanisms.