Post-stroke patients often experience balance and gait impairments, severely affecting their quality of life. Non-invasive brain stimulation techniques, particularly transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), can promote functional recovery by modulating cortical excitability and neuroplasticity. The cerebellum, a key structure for motor coordination and balance control, has emerged as a novel target for TMS intervention. This review summarizes research progress on cerebellar TMS in improving post-stroke gait and balance, including its mechanisms, clinical effects, and underlying pathways. Studies indicate that cerebellar TMS can enhance motor learning, improve gait and balance, and may be superior to traditional motor cortex stimulation. However, current studies are limited by small sample sizes and variable parameters. Future large-scale trials combined with multimodal neuroimaging are needed to optimize protocols and clarify neural mechanisms.