Although the repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation technique has been widely used in the field of clinical rehabilitation medicine to treat post-stroke aphasia, the recovery mechanism is currently unclear. Given that the advantages of non-invasive brain functional imaging technology in neural mechanism research have been widely recognized by experts and scholars in recent years, this article reviews and summarizes relevant research on repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation therapy for post-stroke aphasia based on non-invasive brain functional imaging at home and abroad, in order to provide certain reference value for clinical rehabilitation.