To determine the dynamic changes of BKCa channel β4 subunit in amygdala kindled epilepsy rat model. Methods: The animals were divided into control group, 24-hour group, 30-day group and 60-day group. Epilepsy rats were kindled by amygdala nuclear stimulation. The injury of neurons in each group was detected by Nissl’s staining. Real-time quantitative PCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the dynamic changes of BKCa channel β4 subunit expression in the brain of rats 24 hours, 30 days and 60 days after being kindled. Results: Compared with the control group, the neurons in CA1 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus and cortex of rats in the amygdala kindled epilepsy model were significantly lost, and the number of neurons showed a decreasing trend with the increase of the kindling time (P<0.05). The expression of β4 subunit of BKCa channel in cortex and hippocampus decreased 24 hours after being kindled, and showed a downward trend with the increase of kindling time (P<0.05). Conclusion: The results suggested that amygdala kindling can cause the persistent damage of neurons which accompanied by the decrease of β4 subunit expression. It is speculated that β4 subunit may be involved in the development of amygdala kindled epilepsy rat model.