Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a small cerebral vascular disease associated with aging, which is characterized by the excessive deposition of amyloid in cerebral vessels. Recent studies suggest that neurovascular unit (NVU) dysfunction may contribute to the development of CAA. This review will focus on the direct and indirect damage of NVU in CAA and the relationship between NVU and CAA from the aspects of clinical manifestations and imaging markers, it is hoped that by protecting the function of NVU, the occurrence and progress of CAA can be slowed down.