Medical ozone therapy has been widely used in clinical practice in recent years, and the basic and clinical research on medical ozone has gradually deepened. The benefits of ozone therapy include improving blood circulation and anti-oxidative stress, as well as immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic effects. The effectiveness of ozone therapy is primarily related to the activation of the oxidative/antioxidant system to correct oxidative stress in ischemic stroke, neurodegenerative diseases, and other diseases. This article summarizes the possible mechanism of medical ozone and its application in the treatment of neurological diseases.