Early studies have found that myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody (MOG-IgG) is mostly present in optic neuromyelitis spectrum disease (NMOSD) patients with aquaporin 4 antibody (AQP4-IgG) negative. With further study, the clinical and imaging features of MOG-antibody related diseases have been found to overlap with AQP4-IgG positive NMOSD, but not the same. This paper summarized the studies on patients with MoG-IgG positive diseases and AQP4- IgG positive NMOSD, and compared the pathophysiology, clinical and imaging manifestations and prognostic characteristics of the two, in order to improve the identification of patients with MOG and AQP4 antibody positive.