The etiology of peripheral nerve disease is complicated. At present, high-frequency ultrasound plays an increasingly important role in the diagnosis and even treatment of peripheral neuropathy. Compared with traditional MRI and electrophysiological examination, high-frequency ultrasound has many advantages such as intuitive, dynamic and low-cost, and the sensitivity and specificity of diagnosis are also being constantly affirmed. This paper discusses the latest progress of neuro ultrasound in the diagnosis and even treatment of peripheral neuropathy from the aspects of normal peripheral nerve manifestations, types of peripheral nerve injury, post-traumatic ultrasound manifestations, ultrasonic manifestations of compressive peripheral neuropathy, and ultrasonic manifestations of peripheral nerve tumor lesions.