To investigate the changes in proteins in peripheral nerve sensory and motor fascicles at different time points after injury, and to provide markers for peripheral nerve regeneration research. Meth? ods: SD rats were used to prepare normal femoral nerve sensory and saphenous nerve models, as well as 8 h and 8 d post-injury of Sunderland V models. Tissue samples were collected from 5 mm distal ends of broken nerve ends, with 18 groups of samples in total. After separation, extraction, purification, and quantification of proteins, differential gel electrophoresis (DIGE) technology was used to fluorescently label proteins. Gel images were scanned, and high-differential protein spots were defined as those with a fold change greater than 1.5. Image analysis software BVA was used to analyze the gel images and display an average of 1586 protein spots separated on nine gels. Gel cuts, enzyme digestion, and point target were performed, and mass spectrometry was used to analyze the peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF) profile of the identified proteins. The results of image analysis were validated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technology. Re? sults: A total of 12 protein spots were accurately identified: TPM1, Serpina10, NF-L, DRP-2, CaBP1, Serpina3n, Peroxiredoxin-2, Gng7, HSP70, LDHB, Enolase2, and PDIA3. Among these, Serpina10, TPM1, NF-L, DRP-2, CaBP1 were identified as high-differential proteins in SD rats with saphenous nerves at both the normal and injured time points; Serpina10, Serpina3n, Peroxiredoxin-2, Gng7, HSP70, LDHB, Enolase2, CaBP1, and PDIA3 were identified as high-differential proteins in SD rats with femoral nerve motor fascicles at both the normal and injured time points. Serpina10 and CaBP1 were identified as high-differential proteins in SD rats with saphenous nerves and femoral nerve motor fascicles at multiple time points after injury. The proteomic results were consistent with the mRNA transcription levels of these genes as determined by Rt-PCR. Conclusion: There are significant differences in protein expression between peripheral nerve sensory and motor fascicles at different time points after injury. Serpina10 and CaBP1, as high-difference marker proteins, were expected to provide new methods for research on peripheral nerve injury and regeneration.