To investigate the risk factors of cerebral infarction in patients with lung cancer after pulmonary lobectomy. Methods: A total of 708 consecutive patients with lung cancer who underwent pulmonary lobectomy at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from November 2016 and November 2018 were prospective registered and followed up for 6 months. According to whether complicated by postoperative cerebral infarction, the patients were classified into the cerebral infarction group or control group. Clinical data was collected, and single factor analysis and multi-factor Logistic regression analysis were performed to determine independent predictors for postoperative stroke. Results: Twelve cases (1.7%) were included in the cerebral infarction group and 696 cases (98.3%) in the control group. The cerebral infarction group showed a greater proportion of patients with diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia compared to the control group (P<0.05). There were significant differences between the two groups in resection site and surgical method (P<0.05). Other factors showed no significant difference (P>0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, gender, history of smoking, hypertension, atrial fibrillation, coronary heart disease, postoperative anticoagulation therapy, surgery length, and hospitalization time showed that left upper lobectomy (OR=10.670, 95% CI: 2.021-56.325, P=0.005), left pneumonectomy (OR=13.726, 95% CI: 1.398-134.746, P=0.025), diabetes mellitus (OR=6.021, 95% CI: 1.483-24.436, P=0.012), and hyperlipidemia (OR=6.786, 95% CI: 1.337-34.455, P=0.021) were independent predictors of postoperative cerebral infarction. Conclusion: Left upper lobectomy, left pneumonectomy, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia may be significant risk factors for postoperative cerebral infarction in patients with lung cancer.