To explore the differences in cognitive dysfunction of schizophrenic patients with different genders and analyze the influencing factors. Methods: 135 patients with chronic schizophrenia treated in our hospital were enrolled in this study and were divided into the male group (n=71) and female group (n=64). Clinical symptoms were assessed by the positive and negative symptom scale (PANSS), and cognitive functions were assessed by the Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA). The results were statistically analyzed. Results: The negative symptom score in PANSS of male patients was higher than that of female patients, but male patients had significantly lower scores in total score, visual space and executive function score, and memory score in MoCA than those of female patients (P<0.05). After covariance analysis, the memory score of male patients was still lower than that of female patients (P<0.01). Conclusion: Male patients with chronic schizophrenia suffer more serious cognitive dysfunction than female patients, especially in memory impairment.