To study the general clinical features and extraneural manifestations of neuromyelitis optica spectrum diseases (NMOSDs), and to analyze clinical factors that may affect recurrence. Methods: The NMOSDs group and control group cases were retrospectively enrolled, and routine blood work, renal function, creatine kinase, and other indicators were recorded. AQP4-Ab status, related imaging examination results, initial core symptoms, number of relapses, and other clinical features were recorded by a professional neurologist. Results: NMOSDs were more common in young and middle-aged women, with a male to female ratio of 1∶10, and there was no significant difference between the age of onset in males and females. The NMOSDs group and control group had statistical differences in neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), estimated glomerular rate filtration, and creatine kinase (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the number of recurrences in 1 year among clinical indicators such as gender, AQP4-Ab status, intracranial involvement, and lesion range (P>0.05). Conclusion: In addition to common neurological symptoms, patients with NMOSDs may also experience symptoms of the skeletal muscles and other peripheral tissues and organs. The neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, NLR, and other indicators can reflect the inflammatory state of the disease. Gender, AQP4-Ab, intracranial involvement, and the extent of the lesion do not affect the number of recurrences of NMOSDs.