To investigate the effect of lentivirus-mediated shRNA LINGO-1 plasmid transfection on the transformation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) into neural cells. Methods: The shRNA LINGO-1 interfering vector was constructed by shRNA gene interference technique. Lentivirus was transfected into BMSCs. According to outcome of transfection, BMSCs were assigned to the blank control group (not transfected), empty vector virus group (transfected with lentivirus not containing the shRNA LINGO-1 interfering vector), and interfering vector virus group (transfected with lentivirus containing the shRNA LINGO-1 interfering vector). The surface proteins on BMSCs was detected by flow cytometry. The expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), neurofilament protein (NF), and Nestin was detected by RT-PCR and Western-Blot. Results: In second generation BMSCs, the expression of CD44 and CD29 was 60.2% and 58.3% , respectively, and the expression of CD34 and CD45 was 3.4% and 2.6% , respectively. Lentivirus transfection efficiency was over 90%. The transfection efficiency was high. The relative expression of GFAP, NSE, NF, and Nestin mRNA in the blank control, empty vector virus, and interfering vector virus groups was significantly different (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the empty vector virus group and blank control group (P>0.05). There was a statistically significant difference between the interference vector virus group and the empty vector virus group (P<0.05). The protein expression level detected by Western-blot also showed the same expression characteristics. Conclusion: Lentivirus-mediated shRNA LINGO-1 interfering vector transfection promotes the transformation of BMSCs into neural cells.