Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs), as a crucial class of molecular chaperones in the human body, participate in the regulation of various pathophysiological processes and play a vital role in maintaining human health. With the deepening of research, HSPs have been found to exert significant regulatory effects in Parkinson's disease (PD), gradually emerging as a key therapeutic target for this neurodegenerative disorder. This article summarizes the pathological mechanisms through which HSPs are involved in PD by influencing alpha-synuclein ( α-Syn) aggregation, mitochondrial function and oxidative stress, cellular autophagy, apoptosis, and neuroinflammation, aiming to provide new research and clinical application directions for PD treatment.