The vestibular system is an important sensory system within the human body, primarily responsible for maintaining balance and posture control. When vestibular function is impaired, a phenomenon called vestibular compensation occurs immediately, which is a process in which the central nervous system maintains the body's balance through adaptive regulation and compensatory mechanisms. This article reviews the process, mechanism, intervention strategies, evaluation, and measurement of vestibular compensation, in order to provide reference for future clinical treatment methods and research.