Stroke is the leading cause of mortality and disability in China. Post-stroke anxiety (PSA) and post-stroke depression (PSD) are common psychiatric sequelae after stroke, significantly reducing patients’quality of life, impairing physical and mental health, and hindering functional recovery. Current research suggests that the pathophysiology primarily involves biological mechanisms and psychosocial factors. Treatment strategies predominantly rely on pharmacotherapy, complemented by physical therapies and psychological interventions. This review summarizes recent advances in the mechanisms and treatment of PSA and PSD, aiming to provide a reference for future research.