To investigate whether general anesthesia exposure during infancy (0～2 years old) affects attention in school-aged children. Methods: School-aged children who underwent general anesthesia during infancy (0～2 years old) between June 2009 and December 2013 at Nanjing Children's Hospital and were currently in primary school were selected as the exposed group (n=203). Healthy school-aged children without general anesthesia exposure were matched as the control group (n=208). The children underwent standardized attention tests and parent questionnaires. The exposed group was further subdivided into different subgroups based on the age of first exposure, duration of exposure, and number of exposures. The primary assessment tools were the Integrated Visual and Auditory Continuous Performance Test (IVA-CPT) and the Chinese version of Sw anson Nolan and Pelham, Version Scale-parent form（SNAP- Ⅳ）rating scale. Results: Auditory attention quotient was significantly correlated with gestational age at birth, singleton birth, number of exposures, age at first exposure, and duration of first anesthesia. Attention deficit and visual persistence quotient were significantly correlated with gestational age at birth, number of exposures, age at first exposure, and duration of first anesthesia. Visual sensory/motor quotient was significantly correlated with singleton birth, number of exposures, age at first exposure, and duration of first anesthesia. Auditory attention quotient was also significantly correlated with gestational age at birth, singleton birth, number of exposures, age at first exposure, and duration of first anesthesia. Conclusion: General anesthesia exposure during infancy (0～2 years old) has a certain impact on the development of attention in school-aged children, with multiple exposures being a prominent factor.