To explore the relationships between different subtypes of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), psychological resilience, and various depressive symptoms in adolescents. Methods: A total of 170 adolescent patients, including 132 adolescents with depression and 38 healthy adolescents, were selected from the psychiatry outpatient clinic of Wuhan University Renmin Hospital. The Adverse Childhood Experiences International Questionnaire (ACES-IQ) was used to assess the exposure to ACEs in adolescents, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) was employed to evaluate the level of psychological resilience, and the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17) as well as the Snaith-Hamilton Exuberance Scale (SHAPS) were utilized to assess depressive symptoms and their severity in adolescents. Graph theory-based network analysis was conducted to explore the associations among ACEs, psychological resilience, and depressive symptoms within the adolescent population. Results: (1) The exposure levels of all three types of ACEs were positively correlated with the severity of all six types of depressive symptoms, while the scores of psychological resilience were negatively correlated with the exposure levels of the three types of ACEs and the severity of the six types of depressive symptoms. (2) In the ACEs-psychological resilience-depressive symptoms network,“psychomotor retardation”among the depressive symptoms showed the highest degree centrality and was the most important depressive symptom;“abuse and neglect”among the three types of ACEs patterns exhibited the highest degree centrality and was the most significant ACEs pattern;“psychological resilience” demonstrated the greatest bridge strength, acting as the“bridge”connecting different nodes. (3) The results of network stability and accuracy tests indicated that both degree centrality and bridge strength had sufficient stability. Conclusion: Psychological resilience is an important supportive factor for mental health, and efforts should be made to enhance the level of psychological resilience in order to prevent and treat the adverse consequences brought about by ACEs.