Vestibular migraine (VM) is a common neurological disorder characterized by recurrent vertigo and migraine symptoms, which are usually associated with dysfunction of the vestibular system. Although there are certain clinical diagnostic criteria for VM, its specific pathogenesis is still not fully clarified. Recent studies have found that the pathogenesis of VM is closely related to the changes in brain functional networks. It not only involves abnormalities in the vestibular system but is also closely related to the dysfunction of multiple brain networks such as pain processing, sensory integration, and attention regulation. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), as a non-invasive brain functional imaging technique, has become an important tool for revealing the neural mechanism of VM. This review will retrospectively analyze the application progress of fMRI in revealing the neural mechanism of VM, and also look forward to the future research directions.