To explore specific mechanism of the influence of childhood trauma and family function on non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in mood disorders. Methods: A total of 176 patients with mood disorders were enrolled, including 92 patients with NSSI and 84 patients without NSSI. The basic clinical information and scale assessment of all patients were recorded. The basic clinical information, childhood trauma, depression experience, and family function scale scores were compared between the two groups. Results: The scores of emotional abuse (Z=3.330, P=0.001), physical abuse (Z=2.400, P=0.017), emotional neglect (Z= 3.160, P= 0.002), dependency (Z=3.080, P=0.002), and self-criticism (Z=3.410, P=0.001) in the group with NSSI were significantly higher than those in the group without NSSI. The ratio of extreme-type family function was significantly higher in the group with NSSI compared to the group without NSSI ( χ 2 = 3.400, P=0.046). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that emotional abuse (OR=1.113, 95% CI= 1.005～1.233) was significantly associated with NSSI in adolescents with mood disorders (P<0.05). Conclusion: Mood disorder patients with NSSI may have a deeper experience of depression. Emotional abuse may be a risk factor for NSSI in adolescents with mood disorders. Good family function may help to reduce the influence of childhood trauma on NSSI in adolescents.