To conduct a systematic review and Meta-analysis of the effectiveness of virtual reality exposure therapy (VRET) in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Methods: Computerized searches of PubMed, Science Direct, Embase and Medline databases were conducted for relevant literature from 1995 to February 21, 2022. Clinical randomized controlled trials of VRET for the treatment of PTSD were searched. Two researchers independently extracted data and evaluated the quality of the literature. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 and Stata16 software. Results: Twelve studies (478 cases) on the efficacy of VRET for PTSD were found. Most VRET studies were of a low quality and had heterogeneous results. Meta-analysis showed that compared with the control group, patients in the VRET treatment group had significantly reduced symptoms of PTSD [SMD=－0.45, 95%CI(－0.84, －0.06)]. Two subgroup analyses were then conducted to analyze the sources of heterogeneity. Conclusion: VRET can effectively alleviate PTSD symptoms. VRET treatment is superior to waitlist control groups and is equivalent to other treatments. Multi-modular Motion-Assisted VRET technology as an improved treatment method deserves attention, and more participants are needed to verify its effectiveness in treating PTSD.