To explore relationship between smoking behavior and cognitive function in male patients with stable schizophrenia. Methods: A total of 112 male patients with stable schizophrenia were enrolled, including 52 patients in smoking group and 60 patients in non-smoking group. Clinical symptoms were assessed by the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS), and cognitive functions were assessed by the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS). The results were statistically analyzed. Results: The general psychopathological symptoms scores and PANSS total score in the smoking group were higher than those in the non-smoking group (P<0.05), while the immediate memory score, delayed memory score, and RBANS total score in the smoking group were lower than those in the non-smoking group (P<0.05). Smoking shows a relationship with immediate memory (β=－0.233, P=0.009), delayed memory ( β =－0.205, P=0.028), and total RBANS score ( β =－0.197, P=0.024). Conclusion: Smoking may impair cognitive function and especially memory function in male patients with stable schizophrenia.