To explore the risk factors for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in preschool children. Methods: We selected 100 children with ASD from April to December of 2019 as the study group and 100 healthy children as the control group. A questionnaire was administered to both groups to examine the relevant factors for ASD, and data was compared between the two groups. Then, binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors for ASD. Results: Comparing the 2 groups, we found a significant difference in the parenting environment, maternal anxiety or depression, computer use during pregnancy, maternal childbearing age, general growth retardation, and infant sleep disorders (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis of these factors showed that the parenting environment, maternal anxiety or depression, frequent use of computers during pregnancy, maternal childbearing age, general growth retardation, and infant sleep disorders were all risk factors for ASD (P<0.05). Conclusion: The risk factors for ASD are related to the parenting environment, mental state of pregnant women, general growth retardation, and infant sleep disorders. Attention should be paid to the above risk factors to achieve an early diagnosis and intervention of ASD.