To investigate the impairment of cognitive function and its influencing factors in patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD). Methods: Total 33 AUD patients were enrolled to AUD group and 33 healthy subjects were enrolled to control group. The mental rotation task and MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) were used to assess cognitive function, and the influencing factors of impaired mental rotation ability in AUD patients were analyzed by linear regression. Results: There were statistically significant differences between the control group and AUD group in the Trail Making Test (TMT) (t=－ 3.106, P<0.01), Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia-Symbol Coding (BACS) (t=－4.403, P<0.01), Letter-Number span test (LNS) (t=－ 6.945, P<0.01), Neuropsychological Assessment Battery (NAB) (t=－ 6.740, P<0.01), Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised (BVMT-R) (t=－6.218, P<0.01), and Composite Score (Comp) (t=－4.665, P<0.01). There were statistically significant differences between the two groups in correct reaction time (t= 6.904, P<0.01), incorrect reaction time (t=4.836, P<0.01), number of errors (t=2.291, P<0.01), and accuracy (t= －4.350, P<0.01) in the mental rotation task. Spearman correlation showed a significant correlation between mental rotation and MCCB. Linear regression analysis showed that BVMT-R was an important influencing factor associated with the impairment of mental rotation ability (t=－ 2.387, P=0.024). Conclusion: Mental rotation is impaired in AUD patients, and this impairment is associated with impaired visuospatial memory.