To investigate the cognition of protective constraint of the authorized delegates of patients admitted to the neurology intensive care unit and analyze related influencing factors. Methods: A questionnaire survey was administered to 423 authorized delegates of patients in the neurology intensive care unit. Influencing factors of cognition on protective constraint of the delegates, including health propaganda exposure, gender, age, education level, and relationship with patients, were collected for analysis. Results: Of all the delegates, 83.2% accepted protective constraint, and of these, 23.1% had decided to accept after receiving health propaganda. There was a significant difference in gender, age, education level, and relationship with patients, and these factors influenced the delegates’view on protective constraint. Being female, greater age, low education level, and parents were factors that decreased acceptance of protective constraint. Conclusion: The authorized delegates of patients admitted to the neurology intensive care unit showed significant difference in attitude towards protective constraint. Identifying the background and influencing factors then introducing health propaganda promotes heightened cognition and compliance.