To examine the efficacy of training based on structural core stability on shoulder subluxation after stroke. Methods: A total of 60 patients with shoulder subluxation after stroke were recruited and divided into the treatment group and the control group with 30 cases per group. Both groups received basic treatment. In addition, the control group received traditional exercise training while the treatment group received training based on structural core stability. Both groups received treatment for 3 weeks. Acromion-greater tuberosity distance (AGT), Fugl-Meyer Upper limb motor assessment score (FMA-U), and Modified Barthel Index (MBI) of the two groups were evaluated before and after treatment. Maximum isometric voluntary contractions (MIVC) of myoelectric activity of the shoulder core muscles were taken by surface electromyography, and differences between the two groups were observed via integrated electromyography (iEMG). Results: After the 3-week treatment, both groups showed significant improvement in AGT, FMA-U, MBI, and iEMG. Moreover, the treatment group displayed significantly greater improvement of these values than the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Training based on structural core stability can significantly improve shoulder subluxation in patients after stroke and can improve upper limb movement function and ability in daily life activities.