To analysis the risk factors of cerebral microbleeds(CMBs) in patients with acute cerebral infarction. Methods: Clinical data of 336 patients with acute cerebral infarction was retrospectively analyzed. All the cases were divided into non-CMBs group (n=154) and CMBs group (n=182) according to SWI scan. Cases in the CMBs group were further divided into four sub-groups according to CMBs location. Demographic characteristics, risk factors, blood test results, and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores of two groups were compared and analyzed. The levels of uric acid and homocysteine and the NIHSS scores of four sub-groups were compared and analyzed. Results: Compared with those in the non-CMBs group, cases in CMBs group had higher levels of uric acid and homocysteine, higher incidence rate of hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia and stroke history (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that hypertension, hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia, stroke history, homocysteine and uric acid levels were associated with CMBs (P<0.05). High levels of uric acid and homocysteine, hyperglycemia, history of stroke, hypercholesterolemia and hypertension are independent predictors of CMBs (P<0.05). No significant difference was detected in the incidence rates of CMBs in four sub-groups (P>0.05). No significant differences were detected in levels of uric acid and homocysteine, NIHSS scores in four sub-groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: High levels of homocysteine and uric acid, hypertension, hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia and stroke history maybe risk factors of CMBs in patients with acute cerebral infarction. The location of CMBs distribution has no effect on the NIHSS score