To investigate the clinical characteristics and treatment progression of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders(NMOSD). Methods: The clinical manifestations, auxiliary examination results, treatment, and prognosis of 13 NMOSD patients were retrospectively analyzed. Results: The proportion of men to women in the 13 NMOSD cases was 1∶3.3, and the average age was (45±14) years. There were 11 cases of acute myelitis, 9 cases of optic neuritis, 2 cases of area postrema syndrome, 2 cases of pruritus, and 3 cases of spastic pain in limbs. There were 9 cases positive for AQP4-IgG in blood and/or cerebrospinal fluid, and of the 3 cases negative for antibody, 1 was MOG-IgG positive. MRI showed demyelinating signal with intensification in the long segment of the spinal cord in 11 cases, abnormal signals on the dorsum of the medulla in 1 case, and optic nerve abnormal signals with strengthening in 1 case. Most patients in acute stage were given high-dose corticosteroid, immunoglobulin, or plasma exchange treatment, and some patients received azathioprine in prevention of recurrence. Eleven patients (84.6% ) showed improvement, 1 patient (7.7% ) showed no improvement, and 1 patient (7.7% ) showed spontaneous improvement. Eight patients (61.5% ) had a course of recurrence, and 5 patients (38.5% ) had a monophasic course. Conclusion: The clinical manifestations of NMOSD are varied. Beside the typical core symptoms, there are also many atypical symptoms. Current treatment during the acute phase includes high-dose glucocorticoid, plasma exchange, and immunoglobulin therapy. Azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil, and rituximab are first-line drugs for prevention.