乳酸化修饰是新近发现的一种作用于组蛋白和非组蛋白上的翻译后修饰类型。自2019年首次在核心 组蛋白上发现乳酸化修饰位点以来，众多研究者已将目光聚焦于乳酸化修饰与神经系统疾病之间的关系，并 积极探索通过调控乳酸化修饰改善中枢神经系统疾病患者的预后的方法。本文综述了乳酸化修饰与多种神 经系统疾病（如阿尔茨海默病、脑缺血再灌注损伤、新生儿缺血缺氧性脑病）之间的关联及调控机制，拟通过 深入了解乳酸化修饰在不同神经疾病中的作用机制以期为未来研究提供有价值的参考依据。

Lactylation is a recently discovered post-translational modification that occurs on both histone and non-histone proteins. Since the identification of lactylation modification sites on core histones by Zhang et al. in 2019, numerous researchers have shifted their focus towards exploring the relationship between lactylation and neurological disorders, aiming to regulate lactylation to improve the prognosis of central nervous system diseases. This article provides an overview of the associations and regulatory mechanisms between lactylation and various neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease, cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. By gaining a deeper insight into the mechanistic roles of lactylation in different neurological diseases, valuable references are provided for future research endeavors.