卒中是全球成人死亡和残疾的主要原因。尽管卒中诊疗技术的进步显著降低了死亡率和肢体残障 率，但卒中后认知障碍（post-stroke cognitive impairment，PSCI）作为常见并发症，依然严重影响患者的生 活质量。PSCI表现为记忆、抽象思维、视空间能力和人格行为的损害，且与生存率密切相关。尽管已有大 量研究致力于探索PSCI的早期预警标志物，但这些成果尚未实现临床转化，导致患者可能错过最佳治疗 时机。因此，PSCI的早期识别和干预应成为卒中管理的重要环节。本综述总结了PSCI的最新研究进展， 探讨了影像学检查、体液标志物及神经功能评估等检测手段的潜力。未来研究应聚焦于通过影像学与人 工智能结合，早期识别认知损害风险，探索精准的诊断指标，并构建临床可应用的PSCI风险预测模型，推 动早预警、早诊断、早治疗，从而为PSCI的临床管理提供新思路。

Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability in adults worldwide. Although advancements in stroke treatment have significantly reduced mortality and disability rates, post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) remains a common complication that severely impacts patients’quality of life. PSCI is characterized by impairments in memory, abstract thinking, visuospatial abilities, and personality changes, and is closely linked to survival rates. Despite extensive research aimed at identifying early warning biomarkers for PSCI, these findings have not yet been translated into clinical practice, potentially causing patients to miss optimal treatment windows. Therefore, early identification and intervention of PSCI should become an integral part of stroke management. This review summarizes the latest research progress on PSCI, discussing the potential of imaging tests, fluid biomarkers, and neurological function assessments. Future research should focus on combining imaging with artificial intelligence to identify cognitive impairment risks at an early stage, explore precise diagnostic indicators, and develop clinically applicable PSCI risk prediction models. Promoting early warning, early diagnosis, and early treatment will provide new ideas for the clinical management of PSCI.