肠道微生物群（gut microbiota，GM）作为一个复杂的生态系统，对人体的结构、内分泌水平、代谢能 力、神经系统和免疫功能产生影响。目前已发现GM的多样性随着年龄的增长急剧下降，甚至发生功能结 构上的有害转变，从而危害老年人的健康。GM可以被调节，因此，本综述系统地分析了GM在老年内分泌、 骨骼肌肉系统、认知-心理、神经系统疾病及病毒感染中的研究进展，并探讨了其潜在机制。旨在探究治疗 相关老年疾病的新思路和潜在靶点，并为未来GM组的研究提供参考。

The gut microbiota (GM), as a complex ecosystem, exerts influences on human body structure, endocrine levels, metabolic capacity, nervous system, and immune function. It has been discovered that the diversity of GM decreases dramatically with ageing, and even undergoes harmful transformations in functional structure, jeopardizing the health of elderly individuals. Since GM is modifiable, this review systematically analyzes research progress on the role of GM in elderly endocrinology, skeletal muscle systems, cognitive-psychological functions, neurological disorders, and viral infections, while exploring underlying mechanisms. The objective is to investigate novel therapeutic approaches and potential targets for age-related diseases, and to provide references for future GM-omics studies.