帕金森病（parkinson's disease，PD）是世界第二大神经系统退行性疾病，其病理因素复杂多样，长期持 续性刺激产生的神经炎症是主要病理因素之一。在PD发病过程中，α-突触核蛋白的错误折叠和线粒体损 伤释放的线粒体DNA均会诱导小胶质细胞激活，破坏脑区炎症因子平衡状态，导致神经元损伤，故由小胶 质细胞介导的炎症反应是PD发病过程的关键环节，亦是最有希望的治疗靶点之一。因此，本文就小胶质 细胞来源、类型、功能和在PD发病中的可能机制，以及针对小胶质细胞的PD疗法进行总结，以期对PD中 小胶质细胞发挥的作用以及潜在的治疗策略有更深入的理解。

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder worldwide, with complex and diverse pathological factors. Chronic, persistent stimulation-induced neuroinflammation stands as one of the major pathological contributors. During the pathogenesis of PD, the misfolding of α-synuclein and the release of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) due to mitochondrial damage both induce the activation of microglia, disrupting the balance of inflammatory cytokines in the brain region and leading to neuronal injury. Consequently, the inflammatory response mediated by microglia serves as a critical link in the pathogenesis of PD and represents one of the most promising therapeutic targets. Therefore, this review summarizes the origin, types, and functions of microglia, as well as their potential mechanisms in the pathogenesis of PD and PD therapies targeting microglia, aiming to provide a deeper understanding of the role played by microglia in PD and the underlying potential therapeutic strategies.