目的：探讨0～2岁婴幼儿时期接受全身麻醉手术是否会对学龄期儿童注意力产生影响。方法：选取 既往2009年6月至2013年12月在南京市儿童医院接受全身麻醉手术时为0～2岁，目前为小学阶段的学龄 期儿童为暴露组（n=203），匹配未接触全身麻醉的健康学龄期儿童为对照组（n=208）。受试儿童接受标准 化注意力测试及家长问卷调查。暴露组再按首次暴露年龄、暴露时间及次数分为不同亚组。主要评估指标 为视听整合连续执行测试（IVA-CPT）与中文版注意缺陷多动障碍评定量表（SNAP-Ⅳ）。结果：听觉注意力 商数与出生时孕周、是否单胎、暴露次数、首次暴露年龄及首次麻醉时间显著相关。注意缺陷、视觉持续性 商数与出生时孕周、暴露次数、首次暴露年龄、首次麻醉时间显著相关。视觉感觉/运动商数与是否单胎、暴 露次数、首次暴露年龄以及首次麻醉时间显著相关。听觉注意力商数与出生时孕周、是否单胎、暴露次数、 首次暴露年龄以及首次麻醉时间显著相关。结论：0～2岁婴幼儿时期接受全身麻醉手术暴露对学龄期儿 童的注意力发育有一定影响，且集中体现在多次暴露的影响中。

To investigate whether general anesthesia exposure during infancy (0～2 years old) affects attention in school-aged children. Methods: School-aged children who underwent general anesthesia during infancy (0～2 years old) between June 2009 and December 2013 at Nanjing Children's Hospital and were currently in primary school were selected as the exposed group (n=203). Healthy school-aged children without general anesthesia exposure were matched as the control group (n=208). The children underwent standardized attention tests and parent questionnaires. The exposed group was further subdivided into different subgroups based on the age of first exposure, duration of exposure, and number of exposures. The primary assessment tools were the Integrated Visual and Auditory Continuous Performance Test (IVA-CPT) and the Chinese version of Sw anson Nolan and Pelham, Version Scale-parent form（SNAP- Ⅳ）rating scale. Results: Auditory attention quotient was significantly correlated with gestational age at birth, singleton birth, number of exposures, age at first exposure, and duration of first anesthesia. Attention deficit and visual persistence quotient were significantly correlated with gestational age at birth, number of exposures, age at first exposure, and duration of first anesthesia. Visual sensory/motor quotient was significantly correlated with singleton birth, number of exposures, age at first exposure, and duration of first anesthesia. Auditory attention quotient was also significantly correlated with gestational age at birth, singleton birth, number of exposures, age at first exposure, and duration of first anesthesia. Conclusion: General anesthesia exposure during infancy (0～2 years old) has a certain impact on the development of attention in school-aged children, with multiple exposures being a prominent factor.