脑卒中后失语症是常见的卒中后功能障碍，传统言语-语言训练（SLT）疗效有限。重复经颅磁刺激（rTMS）作为一种无创脑刺激技术，通过调节皮质兴奋性及半球间抑制平衡，促进神经网络重建，促进语言功能 恢复。本文综述了rTMS的作用机制、介入时间、刺激靶点及不同失语症类型的治疗现状。未来可结合功能 神经影像技术优化个体化治疗及评估方案，以提升rTMS的临床转化价值。

Post-stroke aphasia is a common post-stroke functional disorder, and conventional speech-language therapy (SLT) has limited efficacy. As a non-invasive brain stimulation technique, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) promotes neural network reorganization and facilitates language recovery by modulating cortical excitability and interhemispheric inhibitory balance. This article reviews the mechanisms of action, intervention timing, stimulation targets, and current therapeutic applications of rTMS across different types of aphasia. Future research could integrate functional neuroimaging technologies to optimize personalized treatment and evaluation protocols, thereby enhancing the clinical translational value of rTMS.