自噬是一种细胞的自我降解过程，在清除错误折叠或聚集的蛋白质、受损细胞器（如线粒体、内质网 和过氧物酶体）以及细胞内病原体方面发挥着重要的作用。本文通过对相关文献的回顾和分析，对自噬与 神经退行性疾病（阿尔兹海默病、帕金森病、亨廷顿病和肌萎缩侧索硬化）之间的关系进行综述，旨在总结 自噬在神经退行性发病机制及治疗中的作用，为神经退行性病变的治疗提供新的思路。

Autophagy is a self-degradation process of cells that plays an important role in clearing misfolded or aggregated proteins, removing damaged organelles (such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and peroxisomes), and eliminating intracellular pathogens. This article reviews and analyzes the relationship between autophagy and neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) by reviewing relevant literature, aiming to summarize the role of autophagy in the pathogenesis and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, providing new ideas for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.