衰弱是一种表现为机体生理系统储备能力下降的临床综合征，其发病率呈指数上升，严重影响老年人 的生活质量和健康，甚至增加死亡风险。本文综述了衰弱的概念、危险因素、评估工具、可能的发生机制及 预防的最新研究进展，指出了在识别、评估、干预和监测衰弱方面的挑战与未来方向。本文旨在帮助临床工 作者对衰弱的概念、评估和预防有初步的理解，能从多方面对衰弱进行积极且综合的干预，尽可能延缓其发 展，避免不良结果，提升老年人的生活质量。

Frailty is a clinical syndrome characterized by a decline in the body’s physiological system reserve capacity. Its incidence is rising exponentially, seriously affecting the quality of life and health of the elderly, and even elevating the risk of mortality. This paper reviews the latest research progress on the concept, risk factors, assessment tools, possible mechanisms, and prevention of frailty, and highlights the challenges and future directions in identifying, assessing, intervening, and monitoring frailty. This article aims to help clinicians initially understand the concept, assessment, and prevention of frailty, so that they can actively and comprehensively intervene in frailty from multiple aspects, delay its development as much as possible, avoid adverse outcomes, and improve the quality of life of the elderly.