硬脑膜淋巴管的发现重塑了人们对中枢神经系统液体交换、物质清除、免疫特权的认知。目前，大量 研究阐述了硬脑膜淋巴管的解剖结构及其功能，并聚焦于硬脑膜淋巴管在多种神经系统疾病病理生理机制 中可能发挥的作用。本文对硬脑膜淋巴管的解剖结构、生理功能、与类淋巴系统的关系，及其在阿尔茨海默 病、多发性硬化、脑肿瘤等多种神经系统疾病中的研究进展进行了综述。本文旨在提升对硬脑膜淋巴管的 理解，为开发该途径对中枢神经系统疾病的预防及靶向治疗提供理论依据。

The discovery of meningeal lymphatic vessels has reshaped our understanding of fluid exchange, waste clearance, and immune privilege in the central nervous system. Currently, a large number of studies have elucidated the anatomical structure and function of meningeal lymphatic vessels, focusing on their potential roles in the pathophysiology of various neurological diseases. This paper reviews the anatomical structure, physiological function, relationship with the glymphatic system, and research progress in multiple neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, and brain tumors. This review aims to enhance the understanding of meningeal lymphatic vessels and provide a theoretical basis for the development of preventive and targeted therapies for central nervous system diseases through this pathway.