脑卒中后患者常出现平衡与步行障碍，严重影响生活质量。无创脑刺激技术，特别是经颅磁刺激，可 通过调节皮质兴奋性与神经可塑性促进功能恢复。小脑作为运动协调与平衡控制的关键结构，成为经颅 磁刺激干预的新兴靶点。本文综述了小脑经颅磁刺激在改善卒中后步行与平衡功能中的研究进展，包括 其作用原理、临床效果及潜在机制。研究表明，小脑经颅磁刺激可增强运动学习、改善步态与平衡能力，且 可能优于传统运动皮质刺激。然而，目前研究样本量小、参数不一，未来需开展大样本研究并结合多模态 神经影像，以优化刺激方案并阐明其神经机制。

Post-stroke patients often experience balance and gait impairments, severely affecting their quality of life. Non-invasive brain stimulation techniques, particularly transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), can promote functional recovery by modulating cortical excitability and neuroplasticity. The cerebellum, a key structure for motor coordination and balance control, has emerged as a novel target for TMS intervention. This review summarizes research progress on cerebellar TMS in improving post-stroke gait and balance, including its mechanisms, clinical effects, and underlying pathways. Studies indicate that cerebellar TMS can enhance motor learning, improve gait and balance, and may be superior to traditional motor cortex stimulation. However, current studies are limited by small sample sizes and variable parameters. Future large-scale trials combined with multimodal neuroimaging are needed to optimize protocols and clarify neural mechanisms.