多发性硬化（multiple sclerosis，MS）是中枢神经系统的炎性脱髓鞘疾病，其导致的残疾与认知障碍对 患者及社会造成较大的经济负担，早期预测及了解其疾病的发展方向有助于完善治疗方案。随着影像技 术的发展，对MS所致的中枢神经系统各结构变化的了解也更加全面、细致，越来越多的研究专注于通过影 像技术观察大脑各部位萎缩，从而说明其与残疾累积及认知障碍的关系。本文从大脑皮质、丘脑、基底神 经节区、小脑、脑干五部分综述大脑各部位萎缩与残疾和认知障碍的相关性。

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. The disability and cognitive impairment caused by MS cause a great economic burden on patients and society. Early prediction and understanding of the development direction of the disease are helpful to improve the treatment plan. With the development of imaging technology, the understanding of the changes of the central nervous system caused by MS is more comprehensive and detailed. More and more studies have focused on observing the atrophy of various parts of the brain through imaging technology, so as to explain its correlation with the accumulation of disability and cognitive impairment. This article reviews the relationship between brain atrophy and disability and cognitive impairment from five parts: cerebral cortex, thalamus, basal ganglia area, cerebellum, and brain stem.