中枢神经系统（central nervous system，CNS）的广泛免疫反应包括先天免疫反应和适应性免疫反应，涉 及多种免疫效应细胞。过度免疫诱导的神经炎症是大多数神经系统疾病的关键过程，其危害性甚至超过原 发损伤。目前针对CNS疾病的神经免疫治疗多以药物为主，电针具有副作用少、安全性高的特点，且治疗 CNS疾病疗效已被确切证实，但治疗作用包含的生物学机制较为复杂。本文从神经免疫系统激活诱导神经 炎症方向切入，总结近年来CNS疾病中起主要作用的免疫效应细胞类型，并阐述免疫细胞的作用机理，探讨 电针如何通过调控神经-免疫系统和免疫细胞抑制神经炎症，从而达到治疗疾病的分子生物学机制。

The broad immune response of the central nervous system (CNS) includes innate immune response and adaptive immune response, involving a variety of immune effector cells. Hyperimmune-induced neuroinflammation is a key process in most neurological diseases, even more damaging than the primary damage. At present, the neuroimmunotherapy for CNS diseases mainly focuses on drugs. Electroacupuncture, has the characteristics of few side effects and high safety, and the therapeutic effect in the treatment of the CNS diseases has been confirmed, but the biological mechanism involved in the therapeutic effect is more complex. Starting from neuroinflammation induced by neuroimmune system activation, this paper summarizes the types of immune effector cells that play a major role in CNS diseases in recent years, describes the mechanism of immune cells, and discusses the molecular biological mechanism of how electroacupuncture can inhibit neuroinflammation by regulating the neuro-immune system and immune effector cells to treat diseases.