周围神经系统是覆盖全身的神经网络，但也因其分布广泛而更易受到损伤，随着周围神经损伤发病 率的逐年增高，神经损伤后再生与修复已成为各类神经科学的研究重点。周围神经的再生机制与多种细 胞种群有关，特别是雪旺细胞（Schwann cells，SCs）和巨噬细胞，它们是周围神经内包含最重要的两类细 胞，参与周围神经生长、修复、重建的各个过程，并从炎症反应、细胞碎片清除、营养支持、轴突再生等方面 促进神经损伤的修复。本文分别从SCs和巨噬细胞在周围神经再生修复过程中的作用及二者的交互作用 等方面进行综述，以期为周围神经损伤的基础和临床研究提供新思路。

The peripheral nervous system is a neural network that covers the entire body, but its widespread distribution makes it more susceptible to injury. With the annual increase in the incidence of peripheral nerve damage, regeneration and repair of nerve after injury have become the focus of various neuroscience research. The regeneration mechanism of the peripheral nerves is related to multiple cell populations, especially Schwann cells (SCs) and macrophages. These are the two most important types of cells within the peripheral nerves, involved in the growth, repair, and reconstruction processes of the peripheral nerves. They promote the repair of nerve injuries through various aspects such as inflammatory response, cellular debris clearance, nutritional support, and axonal regeneration. This article provides an overview of the roles of SCs and macrophages in the regeneration and repair process of peripheral nerves, as well as their interactions, in order to offer new insights for basic and clinical research on peripheral nerve injuries.