认知功能障碍是常见的神经精神类病症，常见于中枢神经系统退行性疾病、严重创伤及手术后患者， 机制复杂。表观遗传学是一种不同于遗传学的基因表达调控的遗传性变化，其可以通过调控众多基因谱 的表达，参与诸多生理功能的调控。越来越多证据提示，表观遗传调控在正常认知功能的形成与维持中起 重要作用。表观遗传主要调控机制如组蛋白修饰、DNA甲基化、非编码RNA调控等障碍与认知功能障碍 的发生有关，纠正这些障碍的表观遗传调控机制对认知功能障碍有一定缓解作用。不同表观遗传调控机 制之间存在密切联系，它们之间相互作用共同调节认知功能。该研究以常见的中枢神经系统疾病阿尔茨 海默病（Alzheimer's disease，AD）为重点，总结分析表观遗传调控机制在AD相关认知功能障碍中的作用， 有助于阐明AD相关认知功能障碍的表观遗传调控病理机制，并可为其防治提供新思路。

Cognitive dysfunction is a prevalent neuropsychiatric disorder, commonly observed in patients with degenerative diseases of the central nervous system, severe trauma and post-surgery, with complex mechanisms involved. Epigenetics is a genetic variation in the regulation of gene expression that differs from genetics in that it can be involved in the regulation of many physiological functions by affecting numerous gene expression profiles. Increasing evidence suggests that epigenetic regulation plays an important role in the formation and maintenance of normal cognitive function. Key mechanisms of epigenetic regulation, including histone modification, DNA methylation, and non-coding RNA regulation, are associated with the development of cognitive dysfunction. Correcting these epigenetic regulatory disturbances has a mitigating effect on cognitive dysfunction. There is a close relationship between different epigenetic regulatory mechanisms, and their interaction regulates cognitive function. This review focuses on Alzheimer's disease (AD), a common central nervous system disorder, and summarizes and analyzes the role of epigenetic regulatory mechanisms in AD-related cognitive dysfunction, which can help to elucidate the epigenetic regulatory pathogenesis of AD-related cognitive dysfunction and provide new ideas for its prevention and treatment.