神经炎症是神经退行性疾病发生、发展及预后的关键，小胶质细胞在神经炎症中起着重要的调节作 用。小胶质细胞受到刺激时会被迅速激活，根据其分泌不同的细胞因子及功能状态，可分为M1促炎型和 M2抗炎修复型，不同表型极大的影响着神经元的存活。促进小胶质细胞M1/M2表型转化成为近年来研究 的热点，本文对小胶质细胞表型转化的相关受体做一综述。

Neuroinflammation plays a critical role in the onset, progression, and prognosis of neurodegenerative diseases, in which microglia serve as key modulators. Upon stimulation, microglia are rapidly activated and can be categorized into M1 pro-inflammatory and M2 anti-inflammatory repair phenotypes based on their secreted cytokines and functional states, greatly affecting neuronal survival. The promotion of microglial M1/M2 phenotypic transformation has become a research hotspot in recent years. This article provides an overview of the receptors related to microglial phenotypic transformation.