目的：探究首发精神分裂症患者视觉情绪识别能力特点与静息态大脑局部一致性（ReHo）改变及其 相关性。方法：FES患者和健康对照者分别纳入FES组和HC组，各32例；2组均进行视觉情绪识别任务， 采集静息态功能磁共振数据，对数据进行预处理并计算个体ReHo值。比较2组的视觉情绪识别得分及全 脑ReHo值的差异，并提取组间差异脑区的ReHo值与视觉情绪识别得分进行相关性分析。结果：与HC组 相比，FES组的正性情绪识别得分、非正性情绪识别得分及情绪识别总得分均更低（P＜0.05）。与HC组相 比，FES组右侧中央后回、中央前回、额内侧回、中央旁小叶ReHo降低，双侧海马旁回、左侧壳核ReHo升高 （Alphasim多重比较校正，P＜0.05）。FES组非正性情绪识别得分与左侧壳核ReHo值之间存在显著负相关 （r=－0.471, P=0.031）。结论：FES患者存在情绪识别障碍及多个脑区ReHo改变，其中左侧壳核ReHo值的 升高与精神分裂症患者对非正性情绪的识别困难有关。

To investigate the characteristics of visual emotional recognition ability and changes in regional homogeneity (ReHo) in resting-state brains of first-episode schizophrenia (FES) patients, as well as their correlation. Methods: Patients with FES and healthy controls were enrolled in the FES group and HC group, respectively, with 32 cases in each group. Both groups underwent a visual emotional recognition task and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data were collected. The data were preprocessed and individual ReHo values were calculated. The differences in visual emotional recognition scores and whole-brain ReHo values between the two groups were compared, and the ReHo values of the inter-group different brain regions were extracted for correlation analysis with the visual emotional recognition scores. Results: Compared with the HC group, the FES group had lower positive emotional recognition scores, non-positive emotional recognition scores, and total emotional recognition scores (P<0.05). Compared with the HC group, the FES group showed decreased ReHo in the right postcentral gyrus, precentral gyrus, medial frontal gyrus, and paracentral lobule, and increased ReHo in the bilateral parahippocampal gyrus and left putamen (Alphasim multiple comparison correction, P<0.05). There was a significant negative correlation between the non-positive emotional recognition score and the ReHo value of the left putamen in the FES group (r=－0.471, P=0.031). Con? clusion: FES patients have emotional recognition impairment and changes in ReHo across multiple brain regions, among which the increased ReHo value in the left putamen is relevant to the deficit in non-positive emotion recognition in schizophrenia patients.