脑血管新生是脑脉管系统发育的重要生理过程，也是脑血管损伤后的主要修复方式。脑血管新生异 常可能导致脑肿瘤生长和动静脉畸形等病理状态。神经血管单元是由神经元、神经胶质细胞和周细胞等 组成的大脑最小功能单位，参与维持大脑微环境的稳态。神经血管单元对脑血管新生具有重要的调控作 用。本文主要综述神经血管单元中各种细胞组分，如神经元、星形胶质细胞、小胶质细胞、周细胞和平滑肌 细胞，在脑血管新生过程中的调控作用及机制，旨在为脑血管新生相关疾病的研究及临床治疗提供参考。

Cerebral angiogenesis is an important physiological process for the development of the cerebrovascular system and the primary mechanism of revascularization following cerebrovascular damage. Abnormal cerebral angiogenesis may lead to several diseases, such as brain tumor growth and arteriovenous malformations. Neurovascular unit, the smallest functional unit of the brain, consists of neurons, glial cells, pericytes, etc., and is involved in maintaining homeostasis of the brain microenvironment. The neurovascular unit has crucial roles in cerebral angiogenesis. In this paper, we review the regulatory roles and mechanisms of various cellular components of the neurovascular unit (neurons, astrocytes, microglia, pericytes, and smooth muscle cells) in cerebral angiogenesis, which will provide an important reference for the research and clinical treatment of cerebrovascular-related disorders.