目的：运用Meta分析探究体外培育牛黄（Calculus Bovis Sativus，CBS）治疗神经系统疾病的有效性 和安全性。方法：计算机检索PubMed、Web of science、Embase、Cochrane Library、中国知网、万方、维普及 中国生物医学等电子数据库中关于CBS治疗神经系统疾病的研究。检索时限为各数据库建库至2024 年 12 月 4 日。依据纳入排除标准对文献进行筛选，提取相关资料，按照 Cochrane 系统评价手册推荐的 偏倚风险评估工具进行风险评估，使用 RevMan 5.4 统计软件进行 Meta 分析。结果：共纳入5个随机对 照研究，共 414 例患者，Meta 分析结果显示，相比于对照组，常规疗法联合 CBS 组患者血清肿瘤坏死因 子-α（tumor necrosis factor-α，TNF-α）水平显著下降[SMD=－1.40, 95%CI(－1.78, －1.01)], P＜0.001]，白细 胞介素-6（interleukin-6，IL-6）水平显著下降[SMD=－1.82, 95%CI(－2.23, －1.41), P＜0.001]，格拉斯哥昏 迷量表（Glasgow coma scale，GCS）评分得到较强改善[SMD=0.44, 95%CI(0.21, 0.68), P=0.002]，美国国立 卫生研究院卒中量表（National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale，NIHSS）评分有所下降[SMD=－0.49, 95% CI(－0.92, －0.07), P=0.020]。结论：CBS治疗脑卒中相关神经系统疾病有效且安全性较好，但仍需要更 多高质量研究进一步支持。

To explore the efficacy and safety of Calculus Bovis Sativus (CBS) in treating neurological diseases through a Meta-analysis. Methods: Electronic databases such as PubMed, Web of science, Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, VIP, and China Biology Medicine disc (CBMdisc) were searched for studies on CBS treatment of neurological diseases. The search period covered from the establishment of each database until December 4th, 2024. Studies were screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, relevant data were extracted, risk assessment was conducted using the bias risk assessment tool recommended by the Cochrane Systematic Review Handbook, and Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 statistical software. Results: A total of five randomized controlled trials involving 414 patients were included. The Meta-analysis results showed that compared to the control group, the combination of conventional therapy and CBS significantly reduced tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels [SMD=－1.40, 95% CI (－1.78, －1.01), P<0.001], significantly reduced interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels [SMD=－1.82, 95% CI (－2.23, －1.41), P<0.001], improved Glasgow coma scale (GCS) scores [SMD= 0.44, 95% CI (0.21, 0.68), P=0.002], and decreased National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores [SMD=－ 0.49, 95% CI (－ 0.92, － 0.07), P=0.02]. Conclusion: CBS is effective and safe in treating stroke-related neurological diseases, but more high-quality research is needed for further support.